Verbs
Simple Present (Presente Simples)
Afirmativa |
Negativa |
Interrogativa |
I eat |
I do not eat (I don’t eat) |
Do I eat? |
You eat |
You do not eat (You don’t eat) |
Do you eat? |
He eats |
He does not eat (He doesn’t eat) |
Does he eat? |
She eats |
She does not eat (She doesn’t eat) |
Does she eat? |
It eats |
It does not eat (It doesn’t eat) |
Does it eat? |
We eat |
We do not eat (We don’t eat) |
Do we eat? |
You eat |
You do not eat (You don’t eat) |
Do you eat? |
They eat |
They do not eat (They don’t eat) |
Do they eat? |
O Simple Present (Presente Simples) expressa ações habituais, hábitos ou fatos.
Formulamos assim as frases no Simple Present:
- A terceira pessoa no singular termina em s. Exemplificando: speaks, talks, walks.
- Aos verbos terminados em s, sh, ch, x, z, o, acrescenta-se es: does, kisses, watches.
- Aos verbos terminados em y precedido de vogal, acrescenta-se apenas s: I play – he plays.
Exemplos
He goes to the beach every Sunday. (Ele vai à praia todo domingo). Ação habitual.
He smokes. (Ele fuma). Hábito.
A circle is round. (Um círculo é redondo). Fato
Observação:
O Simple Present e advérbios de frequência costumam ocorrer na mesma frase. Exemplos: always (sempre), every (todo), never (nunca), usually (usualmente), often (frequentemente), seldom (raramente), sometimes (às vezes), etc.
Simple Past (Passado Simples)
Afirmativa |
Negativa |
Interrogativa |
I looked |
I did not look (I didn’t look) |
Did I look? |
You looked |
You did not look (You didn’t look) |
Did you look? |
He looked |
He did not look (He didn’t look) |
Did he look? |
She looked |
She did not look (She didn’t look) |
Did she look? |
It looked |
It did not look (It didn’t look) |
Did it look? |
We looked |
We did not look (We didn’t look) |
Did we look? |
You looked |
You did not look (You didn’t look) |
Did you look? |
They looked |
They did not look (They didn’t look) |
Did they look? |
O Simple Past (Passado Simples) é utilizado para falar sobre uma ação que aconteceu no passado e já foi concluída. É denominado de Passado Simples porque o momento em que a ação ocorreu pode ser definido.
Formulamos assim as frases no Simple Past (verbos regulares): sujeito + infinitivo + -ed.
Exemplos
He looked at me. (Ele olhou para mim).
Yesterday, I walked for an hour. (Ontem, eu andei durante uma hora).
Frases no Simple Past frequentemente empregam palavras que indicam um evento ocorrido no passado: yesterday (ontem), last night (ontem à noite), last week (semana passada), last month (mês passado), last year (ano passado), some time ago (há algum tempo).
Regras de Ortografia do Simple Past:
1. Quando o verbo termina em –e, adiciona –d, não –ed.
Exemplos
Live – lived
Like – liked
Forma Afirmativa - To like |
|
Singular |
|
1st person |
I liked |
2nd person |
You liked |
3rd person |
He liked |
3rd person |
She liked |
3rd person |
It liked |
Plural |
|
1st person |
We liked |
2nd person |
You liked |
3rd person |
They liked |
2. Alguns verbos curtos: dobra-se a última consoante e adiciona-se –ed. (Atenção: as letras v, w, x, y não podem ser dobradas).
Exemplos
fit – fitted
stop – stopped
Forma Afirmativa - To stop |
|
Singular |
|
1st person |
I stopped |
2nd person |
You stopped |
3rd person |
He stopped |
3rd person |
She stopped |
3rd person |
It stopped |
Plural |
|
1st person |
We stopped |
2nd person |
You stopped |
3rd person |
They stopped |
3. Alguns verbos longos: dobra-se a última consoante e adiciona-se –ed. (As letras v, w, x, y não podem ser dobradas).
Exemplos
prefer – preferred
regret – regretted
Forma Afirmativa - To regret |
|
Singular |
|
1st person |
I regretted |
2nd person |
You regretted |
3rd person |
He regretted |
3rd person |
She regretted |
3rd person |
It regretted |
Plural |
|
1st person |
We regretted |
2nd person |
You regretted |
3rd person |
They regretted |
4. Verbos que terminam com uma consoante seguida de –y: o y torna-se i, e adiciona-se -ed.
Exemplos
try – tried
carry – carried
study – studied
(Nos três exemplos acima, o y foi substituído por um i e foi adicionado –ed).
Forma Afirmativa - To study |
|
Singular |
|
1st person |
I studied |
2nd person |
You studied |
3rd person |
He studied |
3rd person |
She studied |
3rd person |
It studied |
Plural |
|
1st person |
We studied |
2nd person |
You studied |
3rd person |
They studied |